Why You Should Consider Donating Plasma

The trouble started days after Jayden Liuzza's third birthday party in Mississauga, Ontario.

Her mother Cheryl noticed something odd about how Jayden walked. She picked up her left leg to take a step, kicked it out to the side, unsure where to place her foot. Within weeks, Jayden stopped walking entirely.

Then she stopped speaking.

Then she stopped eating normally.

Her legs twitched. Then her arms. Then her face.

She couldn't sleep. She became aggressive, hitting, biting, throwing toys at her parents.

"We were watching our little girl deteriorate before our eyes and could do absolutely nothing about it," Cheryl recalled.[1]

Weeks of testing at a Toronto children's hospital finally revealed the diagnosis: anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, a condition where the immune system attacks receptors in the brain.

The treatment that saved Jayden's life: monthly immunoglobulin infusions derived from donated plasma.

"At this point, she was just a shell, lying in bed," Cheryl said. "We wondered if she even knew we were there." The infusions continued for nine months alongside intensive rehabilitation therapy.

Today, Jayden is almost 20 years old. In high school, she was able to compete in dance events and also served as an ambassador for charitable organizations.[2]

She hosts plasma donation events in Brampton. "Receiving plasma helped put me one step closer in my long healing process," Jayden says.[3]

Jayden's recovery depended on something that cannot be manufactured in any laboratory: plasma proteins from thousands of anonymous donors.

Each dose of the immunoglobulin that saved her life was pooled from more than 1,000 different people who took the time to donate.

But across Canada, there are not enough of them.

Canadian Blood Services urgently needs plasma donors in Abbotsford and Langley, with a new dedicated facility now serving the Fraser Valley that has exceeded its donation goals by 113%.[4]

Plasma, the liquid gold that makes up 55% of blood, cannot be synthesized in laboratories and must come from human donors to create life-saving medications for thousands of Canadians with immune disorders, bleeding conditions, and autoimmune diseases.[5]

Despite Canada's universal healthcare system, the country imports more than 80% of its plasma products from paid American donors, creating a troubling dependency that Canadian Blood Services is racing to address.[6]

What plasma is and why it matters

Plasma is the straw-colored liquid portion of blood, comprising 90-92% water and 7-8% proteins including albumin, immunoglobulins (antibodies), and clotting factors.[7]

Think of it as the body's delivery system. It carries red blood cells, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body while transporting waste products to the lungs and kidneys for removal.[8]

The proteins in plasma are irreplaceable. Immunoglobulins fight infections, albumin maintains blood pressure, and clotting factors enable wound healing. Unlike most medications, plasma proteins cannot be manufactured in laboratories at the scale or complexity required for medical therapies.[9]

Every milliliter used in Canadian hospitals must come from a human donor.

Plasma-derived medications treat over 100 medical conditions.[10]

Patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders, born without functioning immune systems, require regular immunoglobulin infusions to survive.

Those with hemophilia need clotting factors to prevent life-threatening bleeding. Burn victims, trauma patients, and people with autoimmune conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome all depend on plasma products.

Treating just one immunodeficiency patient for one year requires between 130 and 1,300 plasma donations.[11]

"I was born without a functioning immune system," shared Barb Schmidt from Yarrow, BC, who receives plasma-derived treatments. "Before I started this, the Grand Canyon was on my bucket list and I walked the rim but I had to pull an oxygen tank. On Sunday I hiked McKee Peak without any of that. I didn't think I'd see my kids grow up and now I'm seeing my grandkids grow up."[12]

Canada's billion-dollar plasma dependency

Canada faces a critical plasma shortage that costs the healthcare system nearly $1 billion annually in imports.[13]

As of 2024, Canada has achieved 27% domestic plasma sufficiency, the highest ever recorded, up from a historic low of approximately 13.5-15% in 2020.[14]

While this represents significant progress, it means 73% of plasma products must still be imported, overwhelmingly from the United States, which supplies 70-74% of the world's source plasma.[15]

This dependency traces back to the tainted blood scandal of the 1980s, one of Canada's worst public health disasters. Over 30,000 Canadians were infected with hepatitis C and more than 2,000 contracted HIV from contaminated blood products, resulting in an estimated 8,000 deaths.[16]

The Krever Commission investigated the scandal and recommended that Canada rely on unpaid voluntary donors, leading to the establishment of Canadian Blood Services in 1998 and provincial bans on paid plasma collection in Ontario (2014), Alberta (2017), and British Columbia (2018).[17]

The consequence of these policies has been a dramatic gap between plasma collection and medical demand. The need for plasma in Canada is more than four times what is currently collected domestically.[18]

Immunoglobulin use grows 6-10% annually, and Canada is the second-highest per capita user of immunoglobulins globally.[19]

To address this crisis, Canadian Blood Services (CBS) partnered with Spanish pharmaceutical giant Grifols in 2022 under a 15-year agreement.[20]

Grifols now operates 17 collection centres across Canada (acquired through Canadian Plasma Resources in 2023), pays donors, and opened a manufacturing facility in Montreal in 2024. The combined goal is to achieve minimum 50% domestic sufficiency.[21]

CBS operates 10 dedicated plasma centres of its own, with another planned for 2026/2027.[22]

The cost differential is striking: voluntary plasma collection costs 2-4 times more than commercial paid collection. CBS's voluntary collection costs approximately $412 per litre, compared to roughly $166 per litre offered by commercial operators.[23]

Yet the policy debate remains contentious because of the historical trauma and ethical concerns surrounding paid donation.

The uncomfortable ethics of where plasma comes from

The central irony of Canada's plasma supply is stark: a country that prides itself on universal healthcare and prohibits paying its own citizens for plasma imports more than 80% of its plasma products from the United States, where donation is overwhelmingly driven by poverty.

This creates what critics call "outsourced exploitation."[24]

Research from the University of Colorado reveals that American plasma donors are predominantly low-income (earning $15,000/year or less), young (under 35), lacking college degrees, and disproportionately unemployed or underemployed.[25]

A Cleveland study found that 57% of paid donors earned at least one-third of their monthly income from selling plasma.[26]

The US allows donation twice per week (104 times annually), far more than any other country, and pays $30-75 per visit, with first-time bonuses reaching $500-850 in the first month.[27]

Journalist Kathleen McLaughlin, author of Blood Money, documented how plasma centres deliberately locate in economically disadvantaged areas. "Even when we control for factors like poverty and unemployment rates, we find that the more payday lenders and pawn shops that are in a local area, the more likely that a plasma center will soon open there," found University of Colorado researchers.[28]

McLaughlin writes that donors "know why these places exist in their communities. They know that it's exploitative. I didn't talk to anyone who was like, 'Wow, this is the best opportunity ever.' They're doing it because they need the money."[29]

Health concerns add another dimension. While plasma products from paid donors are demonstrably safe due to modern viral inactivation technology, research shows that high-frequency donors experience depleted immunoglobulin levels, potentially compromising their own immune function.[30]

Studies document decreased IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 levels in frequent donors, along with increased inflammatory markers. One systematic review warned that donating twice weekly "may result in a clinically relevant decrease in ferritin and bring IgG levels below the lower threshold."[31]

Georgetown Professor Peter Jaworski articulates the policy contradiction: "Canada imports therapies made with paid plasma all along. Since Ontario and Alberta banned paid plasma, they have only come to use MORE paid plasma than they did before the ban."[32]

He argues that "if compensation for plasma is exploitative, then Canada currently exploits American plasma donors."

Healthy Debate posed the question directly: "Does the fact that 20 US states and the US federal government have a minimum wage of $7.25 or less have anything to do with the fact that the US is the major source of the plasma used in Canada?"[33]

Defenders of Canada's voluntary system argue that paying donors introduces incentives to conceal health information, that blood should be treated as a public resource rather than a commodity, and that the Krever Commission's recommendations remain relevant.[34]

The World Health Organization explicitly recommends against paid donation systems.[35]

France is notably the only country that restricts importation of plasma products from paid donors.[36]

Why donors find meaning in giving plasma

Beyond the medical necessity, research consistently documents significant psychological benefits for donors.

The "helper's high," a term coined by researcher Allan Luks in 1991, describes the endorphin-mediated feelings of well-being that follow altruistic acts. [37]

Studies show that regular helpers are 10 times more likely to be in good health than those who don't volunteer.

A 2023 survey found that 73% of volunteers reported lower stress levels, 89% reported improved sense of well-being, and 92% felt an enriched sense of purpose.[38]

In voluntary donation systems like CBS's, altruism consistently emerges as the primary motivator. Research found that almost all voluntary plasma donors expressed that "donating plasma is a good way to save a life" and considered it "a moral responsibility."[39]

Self-efficacy, the belief in one's ability to make a difference, is the strongest predictor of whether someone will become a regular donor.

Community connection plays a crucial role in donor retention. A CBS study of donors at proof-of-concept centres found that community was central to ensuring donors returned.[40]

"When I walk in, it's like a family, because I go every two weeks, I'm on the same rotation as the staff," described one regular donor. CBS designed its centres to foster these relationships through open seating areas, community event spaces, and partnerships with local businesses for refreshments.

"It's just such a neat experience," shared Reg Harbeck, a Langley donor. "The people they hire here and other donation places are really wonderful. It makes me feel like I'm involved in something really special."[41]

Addressing the stigma question

Stigma around plasma donation, particularly the perception that it's "only for poor people who need money," exists primarily in the context of paid systems.

A landmark 1992 sociological study documented the "moral stigmatization of paid plasma donors," finding that paid donors were "mistrusted and regarded as morally unworthy by staff" and experienced "status degradation" through screening processes.[42]

However, this stigma is largely misplaced in Canada's voluntary context.

CBS donors give without compensation, motivated by altruism and community connection rather than financial need. Research shows that safety concerns about paid-donor plasma are "unjustified by evidence."

Modern manufacturing eliminates pathogens regardless of whether donors were paid.[43]

Yet the perception persists, potentially discouraging would-be donors who fear judgment.

Education represents the most effective counter to stigma. Studies suggest that informational campaigns explaining plasma's life-saving role and the safety of the donation process can shift attitudes.[44]

CBS's community-building approach, emphasizing donor identity, staff relationships, and connection to patient stories, creates an environment where donation becomes a source of pride rather than embarrassment.

The donation experience at Canadian Blood Services

The plasma donation process uses a technology called plasmapheresis, which separates plasma from other blood components and returns red cells and platelets to the donor through a single needle.[45]

Because only plasma is removed, and the body replaces it within 48 hours to a few days, donors can give once per week compared to every 56-84 days for whole blood.[46]

First-time donors should reserve 90 minutes for the entire visit, though the actual time in the donation chair averages 30-45 minutes.[47]

The process begins with check-in and a health questionnaire, followed by a screening that includes temperature, hemoglobin testing, and vein inspection. During donation, donors can read, watch television, study, or chat.

The experience is described by regular donors as comfortable and even social.[48]

Eligibility requirements are straightforward: donors must be 17 years or older, weigh at least 50 kg (110 lbs), and be in general good health.[49]

Many people who cannot donate whole blood can still donate plasma because the manufacturing process eliminates pathogens. Travel restrictions have been significantly relaxed. All deferrals for time spent in the UK, Republic of Ireland, or France during the mad cow disease outbreak have been lifted.[50]

Cannabis use does not disqualify donors (though being intoxicated does), and many common medications are acceptable.

Reviews of CBS facilities consistently praise staff friendliness and cleanliness. "The staff at this clinic are absolutely wonderful and take such good care of the donors," wrote one regular Abbotsford donor. "The facility was clean and well-organized, and the staff were incredibly friendly and professional," noted another.[51]

All equipment is sterile and single-use, and Canada has maintained one of the safest blood systems in the world with no cases of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV transmission from plasma products in over 25 years.[52]

Abbotsford's plasma centre serves the Fraser Valley

The Canadian Blood Services Plasma Donor Centre in Abbotsford opened on April 11, 2023 as one of only 11 dedicated plasma-only facilities in all of Canada and the only one in the Fraser Valley.[53]

Located at 32700 South Fraser Way, Unit 75 in West Oaks Mall (beside Michaels and Party City, with an exterior entrance only), the centre was strategically placed to serve Abbotsford's "generous population and market demographics."[54]

The facility offers extended evening hours on weekdays:

• Monday: 8:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
• Tuesday through Thursday: 7:00 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
• Friday: 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
• Saturday: 8:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
• Sunday: Closed [55]

Appointments are required and can be booked online at blood.ca, through the GiveBlood app, or by calling 1-888-2-DONATE (1-888-236-6283).[56]

Free parking is available throughout the West Oaks Mall lot. For local inquiries, Johanna Aguirre, Manager of Business Development and Plasma Operations, can be reached at johanna.aguirre@blood.ca or (236) 887-2485.[57]

The centre has become a community success story, surpassing its donation goal by 113% in fiscal year 2023-24 and setting targets of 2,500 new donors and 11,000 units for the coming year.[58]

As of early 2025, the facility was participating in the national "450 Challenge," seeking to recruit 450 new donors daily through March. [59]

Conclusion

For Fraser Valley residents considering plasma donation, the Abbotsford centre offers an accessible entry point into a genuinely life-saving activity.

The facility has proven itself through community support, exceeding collection targets while maintaining high donor satisfaction.

The process is safer, more comfortable, and more flexible than many assume, with eligibility criteria broader than whole blood donation and the ability to donate weekly.

The broader context reveals plasma donation as sitting at the intersection of medical necessity, economic policy, and ethical complexity.

Canada's push toward plasma self-sufficiency is both a practical healthcare security measure and an implicit acknowledgment of the uncomfortable dependency on American donors whose economic circumstances drive much of the global supply.

Each voluntary Canadian donor represents a small step toward resolving this tension, making free healthcare slightly less reliant on what critics call the commodification of poverty elsewhere.

The need is concrete and immediate: four times more plasma than Canada currently collects.

For those eligible, donating represents roughly 90 minutes weekly that can literally keep someone alive who would otherwise die.

As patient Barb Schmidt put it, plasma donations meant she "didn't think I'd see my kids grow up and now I'm seeing my grandkids grow up."[60]

References

[1] Canadian Blood Services, "Happy, healthy and giving back: All thanks to plasma donors," https://www.blood.ca/en/stories/happy-healthy-and-giving-back-all-thanks-plasma-donors

[2] Canadian Blood Services, "Happy, healthy and giving back: All thanks to plasma donors," https://www.blood.ca/en/stories/happy-healthy-and-giving-back-all-thanks-plasma-donors

[3] Canadian Blood Services, "Happy, healthy and giving back: All thanks to plasma donors," https://www.blood.ca/en/stories/happy-healthy-and-giving-back-all-thanks-plasma-donors

[4] Abbotsford News, "Abbotsford plasma donor centre surpasses donation goal by 113 per cent," https://www.abbynews.com/local-news/abbotsford-plasma-donor-centre-surpasses-donation-goal-by-113-per-cent-7341483

[5] Canadian Blood Services, "Plasma," https://www.blood.ca/en/plasma

[6] Second Street, "A Closer Look At Blood Plasma Donations in Canada," https://secondstreet.org/2020/06/29/a-closer-look-at-blood-plasma-donations-in-canada/

[7] Wikipedia, "Blood plasma," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma

[8] Canadian Blood Services Professional Education, "Blood: the basics," https://professionaleducation.blood.ca/en/transfusion/publications/blood-basics

[9] Canada.ca, "Plasma Donation in Canada," https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/biologics-radiopharmaceuticals-genetic-therapies/activities/fact-sheets/plasma-donation-canada.html

[10] Canadian Blood Services, "Plasma," https://www.blood.ca/en/plasma

[11] Canadian Blood Services, "Everything you need to know about donating plasma: A guide for first-timers," https://www.blood.ca/en/stories/everything-you-need-know-about-donating-plasma-guide-first-timers

[12] Abbotsford News, "Abbotsford plasma donor centre seeking new donors to continue lifesaving work," https://www.abbynews.com/local-news/abbotsford-plasma-donor-centre-seeking-new-donors-to-continue-lifesaving-work-7759211

[13] Second Street, "A Closer Look At Blood Plasma Donations in Canada," https://secondstreet.org/2020/06/29/a-closer-look-at-blood-plasma-donations-in-canada/

[14] Canadian Blood Services 2023-2024 Annual Report, https://www.blood.ca/sites/default/files/CBS_AR_2024_EN_FINAL.pdf

[15] The Conversation, "Not compensating Canadian blood plasma donors means potentially risky reliance on foreign plasma," https://theconversation.com/not-compensating-canadian-blood-plasma-donors-means-potentially-risky-reliance-on-foreign-plasma-143970

[16] Wikipedia, "Royal Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Blood_System_in_Canada

[17] The Conversation, "Paying for plasma is the new normal: Why policy has changed decades after Canada's tainted blood scandal," https://theconversation.com/paying-for-plasma-is-the-new-normal-why-policy-has-changed-decades-after-canadas-tainted-blood-scandal-192746

[18] Canada.ca, "Protecting Access to Immune Globulins for Canadians," https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/programs/expert-panel-immune-globulin-product-supply-related-impacts-canada/protecting-access-immune-globulins-canadians.html

[19] The Conversation, "Not compensating Canadian blood plasma donors means potentially risky reliance on foreign plasma," https://theconversation.com/not-compensating-canadian-blood-plasma-donors-means-potentially-risky-reliance-on-foreign-plasma-143970

[20] Canadian Blood Services, "Agreement to manufacture immunoglobulins for patients in Canada," https://www.blood.ca/en/about-us/media/newsroom/agreement-manufacture-immunoglobulins-patients-canada

[21] Canadian Blood Services 2023-2024 Annual Report, https://www.blood.ca/sites/default/files/CBS_AR_2024_EN_FINAL.pdf

[22] Canada.ca, "Protecting Access to Immune Globulins for Canadians," https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/programs/expert-panel-immune-globulin-product-supply-related-impacts-canada/protecting-access-immune-globulins-canadians.html

[23] Second Street, "A Closer Look At Blood Plasma Donations in Canada," https://secondstreet.org/2020/06/29/a-closer-look-at-blood-plasma-donations-in-canada/

[24] The Conversation, "Not compensating Canadian blood plasma donors means potentially risky reliance on foreign plasma," https://theconversation.com/not-compensating-canadian-blood-plasma-donors-means-potentially-risky-reliance-on-foreign-plasma-143970

[25] CU Boulder Today, "Plasma donations: A financial lifesaver and an ethical dilemma," https://www.colorado.edu/today/2024/03/06/plasma-donations-financial-lifesaver-and-ethical-dilemma

[26] The Queen's Journal, "Keep your blood money out of Ontario—why paid plasma donation is unethical," https://www.queensjournal.ca/keep-your-blood-money-out-of-ontario-why-paid-plasma-donation-is-unethical/

[27] CU Boulder Today, "Plasma donations: A financial lifesaver and an ethical dilemma," https://www.colorado.edu/today/2024/03/06/plasma-donations-financial-lifesaver-and-ethical-dilemma

[28] CU Boulder Today, "Plasma donations: A financial lifesaver and an ethical dilemma," https://www.colorado.edu/today/2024/03/06/plasma-donations-financial-lifesaver-and-ethical-dilemma

[29] Esquire, "Kathleen McLaughlin on Her Book 'Blood Money' and the Exploitative Plasma Industry," https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/books/a43094648/kathleen-mclaughlin-blood-money-interview/

[30] PubMed Central, "The effect of donation frequency on donor health in blood donors donating plasma by plasmapheresis," https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10926559/

[31] ScienceDirect, "Balancing Donor Health and Plasma Collection: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Plasmapheresis Frequency," https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887796324000415

[32] Georgetown University, "If we don't want shortages, we should pay blood plasma donors," https://gisme.georgetown.edu/news/if-we-dont-want-shortages-we-should-pay-blood-plasma-donors/

[33] Healthy Debate, "We don't pay donors for blood plasma. But is that the right approach?" https://healthydebate.ca/2025/01/topic/pay-donors-blood-plasma/

[34] Canadian Blood Services, "Canadian Blood Services' statement on paid versus unpaid plasma donations," https://www.blood.ca/en/about-us/media/newsroom/canadian-blood-services-statement-paid-versus-unpaid-plasma-donors

[35] WHO, "Blood safety and availability," https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blood-safety-and-availability

[36] NCBI, "International Plasma Collection Practices: Project Report," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK591049/

[37] ABO Plasma, "Why Donating Plasma Benefits Your Health," https://aboplasma.com/why-donating-plasma-benefits-your-health/

[38] ABO Plasma, "Why Donating Plasma Benefits Your Health," https://aboplasma.com/why-donating-plasma-benefits-your-health/

[39] ScienceDirect, "Insights into voluntary plasma donation: A study of motivators and obstacles," https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1246782024001332

[40] Frontiers in Psychology, "Help Is in Your Blood—Incentive to 'Double Altruism' Resolves the Plasma Donation Paradox," https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653848/full

[41] Aldergrove Star, "Abbotsford plasma donor centre seeking new donors to continue lifesaving work," https://aldergrovestar.com/2025/01/15/abbotsford-plasma-donor-centre-seeking-new-donors-to-continue-lifesaving-work/

[42] PubMed Central, "Payment for plasma raises ethical issues," https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4150729/

[43] Big Think, "The plasma debate: The ethics of paying for human blood," https://bigthink.com/thinking/paid-plasma-ethics/

[44] ScienceDirect, "Insights into voluntary plasma donation: A study of motivators and obstacles," https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1246782024001332

[45] Canadian Blood Services, "Everything you need to know about donating plasma: A guide for first-timers," https://www.blood.ca/en/stories/everything-you-need-know-about-donating-plasma-guide-first-timers

[46] Canadian Blood Services, "Plasma," https://www.blood.ca/en/plasma

[47] Canadian Blood Services, "Everything you need to know about donating plasma: A guide for first-timers," https://www.blood.ca/en/stories/everything-you-need-know-about-donating-plasma-guide-first-timers

[48] Birdeye reviews, "Canadian Blood Services - Plasma Donor Centre," https://reviews.birdeye.com/canadian-blood-services-plasma-donor-centre-170407576310387

[49] Canadian Blood Services, "Can I donate?" https://www.blood.ca/en/blood/donating-blood/new-donor/eligibility-and-process

[50] Canadian Blood Services 2023-2024 Annual Report, https://www.blood.ca/sites/default/files/CBS_AR_2024_EN_FINAL.pdf

[51] Birdeye reviews, "Canadian Blood Services - Plasma Donor Centre," https://reviews.birdeye.com/canadian-blood-services-plasma-donor-centre-170407576310387

[52] Wikipedia, "Canadian Blood Services," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Blood_Services

[53] UFV Alumni, "Plasma Clinic Opens to Donors in Abbotsford," https://alumni.ufv.ca/news/plasma-clinic-opens-to-donors-in-abbotsford/

[54] Abbotsford News, "Abbotsford plasma donor centre seeking new donors to continue lifesaving work," https://www.abbynews.com/local-news/abbotsford-plasma-donor-centre-seeking-new-donors-to-continue-lifesaving-work-7759211

[55] Canadian Blood Services, "Where to donate plasma," https://www.blood.ca/en/plasma/donating-plasma/where-donate-plasma

[56] Canadian Blood Services, "Donate plasma today," https://www.blood.ca/en/pdc

[57] Abbotsford News, "Abbotsford plasma donor centre seeking new donors to continue lifesaving work," https://www.abbynews.com/local-news/abbotsford-plasma-donor-centre-seeking-new-donors-to-continue-lifesaving-work-7759211

[58] Abbotsford News, "Abbotsford plasma donor centre surpasses donation goal by 113 per cent," https://www.abbynews.com/local-news/abbotsford-plasma-donor-centre-surpasses-donation-goal-by-113-per-cent-7341483

[59] Abbotsford News, "Abbotsford plasma donor centre seeking new donors to continue lifesaving work," https://www.abbynews.com/local-news/abbotsford-plasma-donor-centre-seeking-new-donors-to-continue-lifesaving-work-7759211

[60] Abbotsford News, "Abbotsford plasma donor centre seeking new donors to continue lifesaving work," https://www.abbynews.com/local-news/abbotsford-plasma-donor-centre-seeking-new-donors-to-continue-lifesaving-work-7759211